Diabetes

Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases

Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases” will provide an in-depth examination of the strong and complex interrelationship between diabetes and cardiovascular health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, making it one of the most significant and life-threatening complications of the condition. Diabetes contributes to the development and progression of a wide spectrum of cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and hypertension. Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction all play a pivotal role in accelerating atherosclerosis and impairing vascular integrity. Clinical trials have shown that these therapies not only improve glycemic control but also significantly reduce the risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke.The role of multidisciplinary care teams including endocrinologists, cardiologists, primary care physicians, and diabetes educators will be emphasized to ensure that cardiovascular prevention and treatment are integrated seamlessly into diabetes care. cardiovascular outcomes among diabetic populations, particularly in low-resource settings and among ethnic minorities. It will highlight the need for tailored strategies, patient education, and community engagement to close these gaps in care. cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) and offer guidance on incorporating these agents into treatment plans for patients with or at risk of cardiovascular disease.